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Wednesday, October 28, 2026 · Global Edition
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BLOCKCHAIN · WEB3 · ASSETS
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Blockchain

How distributed ledgers reach agreement, what a block contains, when a transaction becomes final, and which guarantees a chain does not provide.

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Blockchain

Layer 1 vs Layer 2, explained

Layer 1 is the base chain where everything settles; Layer 2 is built on top of it — the Layer 1 vs Layer 2 distinction, in plain words.

Shelf of small computers with glowing status lights in a home study
Blockchain

What is a blockchain node?

A blockchain node is any computer holding and checking a copy of the shared record — here is who runs them and why the crowd matters.

Brass pipe fitting splitting one channel into two separate branches
Blockchain

Hard forks vs soft forks, explained

The hard fork vs soft fork difference is compatibility — one tightens rules that old software still accepts, the other splits a chain in two.

Stepped chart of Bitcoin's block subsidy halving from fifty to 1.5625 coins
Blockchain

What is the Bitcoin halving?

The Bitcoin halving is the protocol rule that cuts the block subsidy in half every 210,000 blocks — the next drop, 3.125 to 1.5625 BTC, is expected around 2028.

One large voting bloc dominating a sparse town assembly hall
Blockchain

What is a 51% attack?

A 51% attack is what happens when one party commands most of a blockchain's power — it can rewrite recent history, but far less than headlines imply.